It was William Jones who clearly saw the nature of connections among Indo-European languages. He “played” with forms of grammar –a more reliable indicator than vocabulary- to establish connections among languages. In that way, he was the responsible of the beginnings of the comparative method.
A comparative method is a study of the development of the Indo-Europeans languages and the reconstruction of their common source, the Proto-Indo-European. Men who contributed to enrich this study were Jacob Grimm or Karl Verner.
GRIMM´S LAW.
It was so important Grim that it is essential to speak about it, as he with the Grimm´s Law was one of the two most important sound changes in the history of English.
It is also called the First Sound Shift. Grimm was only one part of this system of change; the other part was Karl Verner with Verner´s Law.
It is a part of study of phonological changes from PIE to Germanic.
Grimm´s Law posits an unconditioned sound change of massive proportions, affecting all the stop consonants of PIE, since all of the Germanic languages show the effects of Grimm´s Law.
Grimm´s Law
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From voiceless stop in PIE to voiceless fricatives in Germanic.
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*p > *f
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*t > *∂
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*k > *h
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Change on the articulation
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From voiced stop in PIE to
voiceless stops in Germanic.
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*b > *p
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*d > *t
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*g > *k
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Devoicing
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From voiced stop in PIE
to voiced stops in Germanic.
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*bh > *b
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*dh > *d
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*gh > *g
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Loss of aspiration
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